Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS) addresses classification of chemicals by types of hazard and proposes harmonized hazard communication elements, including labels and safety data sheets (SDS). GHS aims to ensure that information on physical, health and environmental hazards from chemicals being available in order to enhance the protection of human health and the environment during the handling (workplace), transport (transportation), emergency response, and use (consumer) of these chemicals.
The first version of the GHS document (also was called the “Purple Book”), was adopted in December 2002 by the United Nation (UN) Sub-Committee on the Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (UNSCEGHS), and endorsed by the UN Sub-Committee on the Transport of Dangerous Goods and the Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (UNSCETDG).
In the first revision of the Purple Book published in 2005, the Committee of Experts adopted a set of amendments to the GHS which include various revised provisions concerning classification and labelling, new provisions for aspiration hazards and new guidance on the use of precautionary statements and pictograms and on the preparation of safety data sheets. In Taiwan, the latest version of GHS Purple Book has been translated into traditional Chinese version available for general public use on the Website of GHS in Taiwan.
GHS has come a long way for international implementation. In 1989, the International Labor Organization (ILO) adopted a resolution concerning the harmonization of chemicals classification and labelling systems. In 1990, ILO adopted Convention 170 and Recommendation 177 concerning the safety and protection of workers against the risks associated with the use of chemicals at work. Adopted at the UN Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED, 1992) Chapter 19 of Agenda 21 Section 4, harmonization of classification and labelling of chemicals was proposed, which led to the GHS.
In the World Summit on Sustainable Development (WSSD) Plan of Implementation (para 22.(c)) adopted in Johannesburg on 4 September 2002, countries were encouraged to implement the new GHS as soon as possible with a view to having the system fully operational by 2008. Asian-Pacific Economic Corporation (APEC) encourages all economics to implement GHS. Taiwan is committed to adopt GHS with regulatory reform, capacity building efforts, and international coordination for full GHS implementation by 2008.